Girl with a Pearl Earring" is an oil painting by Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer, dated c. 1665. Going by various names over the centuries, it became known by its present title towards the end of the 20th century after the large pearl earring worn by the girl portrayed there.

The painting has been in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague since 1902. The work is a tronie, the Dutch 17th-century description of a "head" that was not meant to be a portrait. It depicts a European girl wearing an exotic dress, an oriental turban, and what appears to be a very large pearl as an earring.

In 2018, the Mauritshuis used modern scientific techniques to examine the painting, revealing previously unknown details about Vermeer's painting techniques and the materials he used. The girl's captivating gaze and the mysterious quality of the painting have led to it being called the "Mona Lisa of the North.